Who is lobbying to preempt or block state AI laws at the federal level? Map the organizations for and against federal AI preemption, the bills, and the lobbying money, cited to the official record.

Federal AI Preemption Bills

Two competing legislative approaches dominate the 119th Congress:

Pro-Preemption (blocking state AI laws):

H.R. 5388 — American Artificial Intelligence Leadership and Uniformity Act (Rep. Baumgartner, R-WA, introduced Sept. 2025) — Status: Referred to subcommittee. Imposes a 5-year moratorium on state AI enforcement, explicitly preempting state laws during that period.
H.R. 9925 — FRONTIER Act (Rep. Obernolte, R-CA, introduced July 2026) — Status: Referred to committees. Broadly preempts state AI regulation except where explicitly carved out.

Anti-Preemption (protecting state authority):

H.R. 9125 — Sectoral AI Governance Act (Rep. Jacobs, D-CA, introduced June 2026) — Status: Referred to committees. Explicitly preserves state authority to regulate AI in specific sectors.
S. 2367 — AI Accountability and Personal Data Protection Act (Sen. Hawley, R-MO, introduced July 2025) — Status: Referred to committee. Contains no preemption language; protects existing state laws.

Lobbying Organizations & Money

Supporting Preemption (H.R. 5388):

National Association of Mutual Insurance Companies — $1,954,345 in disclosed lobbying expenses (2025-2026 Q1-Q2) across multiple AI bills including H.R. 5388. Lobbying type: outside firm.

Opposing Preemption (H.R. 9125):

AFL-CIO — $760,000 in disclosed lobbying expenses (2026 Q2) on H.R. 9125 and federal AI preemption issues. Lobbying type: outside firm.
American Civil Liberties Union — $670,000 in disclosed lobbying expenses (2026 Q2) on civil rights and AI governance. Lobbying type: outside firm.

Tech Industry Lobbying (2024-2026):

Google — $1,235,000 total ($875K in 2025, $360K in 2026) via outside firm. Issue areas: CPT (computers/IT), CSP (consumer protection), EDU (education). Bills mentioned include AI-related legislation but no specific preemption bills cited in filings.
Microsoft — $1,170,000 total ($810K in 2025, $360K in 2026) via outside firm. Issue areas: TRA (trade), CPI (consumer protection), CPT (computers/IT).
Amazon — $1,059,000 total ($759K in 2025, $300K in 2026) via outside firm. Issue areas: TEC (technology), INT (intellectual property).
Information Technology Industry Council — $1,590,000 (2026 alone) via outside firm. 631 total filings across multiple issues.
Chamber of Commerce — $200,000 (2026) via outside firm. 148 total filings.

Notably absent from specific preemption bill lobbying: OpenAI, Anthropic, and Apple show minimal or zero reported income on preemption bills specifically, though they file broadly on AI policy (CPT, SCI issue codes).

PAC Contributions to Sponsors

H.R. 5388 sponsor (Rep. Baumgartner):

Top PAC: Together for Working People — $140,000 (2026 cycle)
Fire House PAC — $50,509
Total to sponsor: $293,509 across 30 PACs

H.R. 9925 sponsor (Rep. Obernolte):

Top PAC: American Mission — $259,682 (2026 cycle)
Working Class Heroes Fund — $37,378
Total to sponsor: $432,060 across 30 PACs
Cosponsors received substantial funding: Rep. Peters (D-CA) $1,242,182, Rep. Vasquez (D-NM) $1,187,684, Rep. Houchin (R-IN) $1,101,283

Member Positions

Against preemption:

Sen. Chris Murphy (D-CT) and Sen. Brian Schatz (D-HI) introduced the GUARDRAILS Act (April 2026) to repeal Trump's AI moratorium executive order.
Rep. Josh Gottheimer (D-NJ) criticized the White House AI framework for "broadly blocks state AI laws."
Rep. Yvette Clarke (D-NY) led 43 colleagues opposing AI moratorium language in the FY26 NDAA (Dec. 2025).

For preemption:

Rep. Michael Baumgartner (R-WA) stated H.R. 5388 codifies Trump's executive order "preventing patchwork of state AI regulations."

Sources

H.R. 5388 § 4 - American Artificial Intelligence Leadership and Uniformity Act (Congress.gov)
H.R. 8152 § 1 - American Data Privacy and Protection Act (Congress.gov)
S. 5054 § 4 - Data Center Tax Accountability and Disclosure Act of 2026 (Congress.gov)
H.R. 9925 § 1 - FRONTIER Act (Congress.gov)
S. 2367 (a) - AI Accountability and Personal Data Protection Act (Congress.gov)
S. 2081 § 1 - RISE Act of 2025 (Congress.gov)
H.R. 1656 § 5 - PLUS for Veterans Act of 2025 (Congress.gov)
H.R. 9125 (h) - Sectoral AI Governance Act of 2026 (Congress.gov)
H.R. 3132 § 7 - CHOICE for Veterans Act of 2025 (Congress.gov)
S. 4199 (d) - Youth AI Privacy Act (Congress.gov)
H.R. 8818 § 2 - American Privacy Rights Act of 2024 (Congress.gov)
H.R. 10207 § 1 - GUARDIAN Act (Congress.gov)
H.R. 6410 § 1 - U.S. Data on U.S. Soil Act (Congress.gov)
S. 4855 (a) - SAFE KIDS Act (Congress.gov)
S. 3975 (a) - AI CONSENT Act (Congress.gov)
H.R. 4640 (a) - Stop AI Price Gouging and Wage Fixing Act of 2025 (Congress.gov)
S. 2547 § 5 - Digital Authenticity for Court Orders Act of 2021 (Congress.gov)
H.R. 9941 § 2 - Right to IVF Act of 2026 (Congress.gov)
H.R. 7757 § 1 - KIDS Act (Congress.gov)
H.R. 2612 § 1 - DELETE Act (Congress.gov)