What this bill does
According to the official Congressional Research Service summary of H.R. 491 on congress.gov (Introduced in House, Jan 16, 2025):
congress.gov"This bill applies a cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) for annuities paid under the Federal Employees Retirement System that is equal to the increase in inflation, regardless of the amount of the increase. Specifically, for any year in which the Consumer Price Index (CPI) has increased over the previous year, the COLA amount shall be increased by the change in the CPI from the previous year. Current law applies an adjustment equal to the change in CPI only if the change is 2% or less. If the change is between 2% and 3%, the adjustment is limited to 2%. If the change is more than 3%, the adjustment is limited to 1% less than the change."
Where the bills stand
2 bills in the 119th Congress have the official title "Equal COLA Act".
| Bill | Sponsor | Introduced | Cosponsors | Last action | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H.R. 491 | Rep. Connolly, Gerald E. [D-VA-11] | 2025-01-16 | 90 (R 3, D 87) | 2025-09-16: ASSUMING FIRST SPONSORSHIP - Mr. Walkinshaw asked unanimous consent that he may hereafter be considered as the first sponsor of H.R. 491, a bill originally introduced by Representative Connolly, for the purpose of adding | congress.gov |
| S. 624 | Sen. Padilla, Alex [D-CA] | 2025-02-18 | 20 (D 18, I 2) | 2025-02-18: Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. (Sponsor introductory remarks on measure: CR S1011) | congress.gov |
- The record shows no passage of H.R. 491 in either chamber.
- The record shows no passage of S. 624 in either chamber.
The record
The Equal COLA Act applies a cost-of-living adjustment for Federal Employees Retirement System annuities equal to the increase in inflation, regardless of the amount of the increase.R1 Under current law, the FERS adjustment equals the full change in the Consumer Price Index when that change is 2% or less.R1 A CPI change between 2% and 3% yields a 2% adjustment, and a change of more than 3% yields 1% less than the change.R1
Rep. Gerald E. Connolly (D-VA) introduced H.R. 491 on January 16, 2025, and it was referred to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform that day.R1R3 The introduced text of H.R. 491 amends paragraph (1) of subsection (b) of section 8462 of title 5, United States Code, and applies to existing and future annuities covered by that section.R5 Sen. Alex Padilla (D-CA) introduced S. 624 on February 18, 2025, and it was read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.R1R4
Both bills carry the status "Referred," neither bill record lists a recorded vote, and the hearing lookups for H.R. 491 and S. 624 each return 0 meetings.R1R10R12 H.R. 491 lists 90 cosponsors, among them Republicans Michael Lawler (R-NY), Derrick Van Orden (R-WI) and Brian K. Fitzpatrick (R-PA).R2
Lobbying filings whose issue text contains "Equal COLA Act" total 54 in a search starting with 2025, from 11 clients and 10 registrants, an average of 4.9 filings per client.R7 American Fed of Government Employees AFL-CIO, American Postal Workers Union AFL-CIO, National Active and Retired Federal Employees Association, National Postal Mail Handlers Union and National Treasury Employees Union lead with 7 filings each.R7 By quarter, filings numbered 8, 10, 8 and 7 in 2025 Q1 through Q4, and 7 in each of 2026 Q1, Q2 and Q3.R7
Shaw, Bransford & Roth, P.C. is listed as an outside firm with 4 filings for 2 clients, the Professional Managers Association and the Senior Executives Association, at 2 filings each.R7 American Fed of Government Employees, AFL-CIO reported $2,490,000 in expenses in the H.R. 491 lobbying list and $2,880,000 in the S. 624 list, totals for its lobbying rather than spending on this bill.R6
One National Active and Retired Federal Employees Association filing reads "Support the Equal COLA Act, H.R.491/S.624, to provide full cost-of-living adjustments (matching the change in the consumer price index) for federal retirees".R6 An American Fed of Government Employees, AFL-CIO filing lists H.R. 491/S. 624 "to protect VA employees in FERS".R7
What it means
Neither bill has advanced past referral: the H.R. 491 timeline holds 4 actions ending in a sponsorship change, and the S. 624 timeline holds 2 actions ending at referral.R3R4 H.R. 491 carries 90 cosponsors and S. 624 carries 20, and the hearing lookups for both bills return 0 meetings.R2R10R12 Lawler, Van Orden and Fitzpatrick give H.R. 491 Republican cosponsors, while the 20 S. 624 cosponsors are Democrats and independents.R2
CRS states the bill "has also been introduced in prior Congresses," so the versions dated January 16, 2025 and February 18, 2025 are reintroductions.R11R1
Shaw, Bransford & Roth, P.C. files for 2 associations, while each of the other 9 registrants in the ranking lists 1 client.R7 Of the 11 clients, 9 file in-house, and the 2 clients using an outside firm both file through Shaw, Bransford & Roth, P.C.R7 H.R. 492, the Saving the Civil Service Act, is named in 33 filings from 7 clients, and a National Active and Retired Federal Employees Association passage pairs it with the Equal COLA Act.R7
Filings held at 7 a quarter from 2025 Q4 through 2026 Q3, against 10 in 2025 Q2, and the latest action on either bill timeline is dated September 16, 2025.R7R3R4 A designation search returned 78 filings from 19 clients, 24 filings and 8 clients more than the 54 filings and 11 clients its own bill list ties to H.R. 491.R7R8 The bill lists in both searches are capped, showing 15 of 460 and 50 of 918 bills named in the filings.R7R8
Analysis
AI-writtenInterpretation written by AI from the cited records. It is not reviewed by a human, and it makes no prediction and states no position.
Filing and cosponsor activity on the Equal COLA Act continued into late 2026, with 7 filings in 2026 Q3 and an H.R. 491 cosponsor dated October 6, 2026, while both bills remain at referral.R7R2R1 The 4.9 average spans a range from 7 filings each for the American Postal Workers Union AFL-CIO and National Treasury Employees Union to 2 for the Senior Executives Association.R7
H.R. 1522, the Federal Retirement Fairness Act, appears in 42 of the 54 Equal COLA Act filings, a 77.8% overlap in the filing count.R7 The $2,880,000 American Fed of Government Employees, AFL-CIO figure covers filings whose issue text also addresses VA staff reductions and S. 3466, so it is a lobbying total, not an Equal COLA Act figure.R6
The bill record lists Connolly as sponsor of H.R. 491, while the September 16, 2025 floor action records Mr. Walkinshaw assuming sponsorship, so a table built from the sponsor field shows Connolly.R1R3 S. 624 trails its House companion on both counts here: its latest cosponsor is dated May 13, 2026 against October 6, 2026 for H.R. 491, and it is named in 45 filings against 54.R2R7 Lawler, Van Orden and Fitzpatrick are the Republican names among 110 cosponsors across the 2 bills.R2
Federal lobbying on Equal COLA Act
The counts below are Senate LDA filings whose specific-issue text contains the phrase "Equal COLA Act" in 2025 to 2026: 54 filings from 11 clients. A filing that mentions the phrase does not show which side the client takes.
| Quarter | Senate LDA filings naming "Equal COLA Act" |
|---|---|
| 2025 Q1 | 8 |
| 2025 Q2 | 10 |
| 2025 Q3 | 8 |
| 2025 Q4 | 7 |
| 2026 Q1 | 7 |
| 2026 Q2 | 7 |
| 2026 Q3 | 7 |
| Client | Matching filings | Filed by | Latest year | Latest filing |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AMERICAN FED OF GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES AFL-CIO | 7 | in-house | 2026 | Senate LDA filing |
| AMERICAN POSTAL WORKERS UNION AFL-CIO | 7 | in-house | 2026 | Senate LDA filing |
| NATIONAL ACTIVE AND RETIRED FEDERAL EMPLOYEES ASSOCIATION | 7 | in-house | 2026 | Senate LDA filing |
| NATIONAL POSTAL MAIL HANDLERS UNION | 7 | in-house | 2026 | Senate LDA filing |
| NATIONAL TREASURY EMPLOYEES UNION | 7 | in-house | 2026 | Senate LDA filing |
| FEDERAL MANAGERS ASSOCIATION | 6 | in-house | 2026 | Senate LDA filing |
| NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS | 4 | in-house | 2026 | Senate LDA filing |
| AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES | 3 | in-house | 2025 | Senate LDA filing |
| NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS' ASSOCIATION | 2 | in-house | 2025 | Senate LDA filing |
| PROFESSIONAL MANAGERS ASSOCIATION | 2 | outside firm | 2025 | Senate LDA filing |
Bills named in the text of matching filings (54 of 54 filings name at least one bill):
| Bill named in filings | Official title | Filings naming it | Clients | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H.R. 491 | Equal COLA Act | 54 | 11 | congress.gov |
| S. 624 | Equal COLA Act | 45 | 10 | congress.gov |
| H.R. 1522 | Federal Retirement Fairness Act | 42 | 9 | congress.gov |
| H.R. 492 | Saving the Civil Service Act | 33 | 7 | congress.gov |
| H.R. 2550 | Protect America's Workforce Act | 31 | 6 | congress.gov |
| S. 134 | Saving the Civil Service Act | 30 | 6 | congress.gov |
| H.R. 1 | One Big Beautiful Bill Act | 23 | 6 | congress.gov |
| H.R. 493 | Federal Adjustment of Income Rates Act | 22 | 5 | congress.gov |
| S. 126 | Federal Adjustment of Income Rates Act | 21 | 5 | congress.gov |
| H.R. 2174 | Paycheck Protection Act | 20 | 4 | congress.gov |
Relationships in the public graph
Each row is one relationship stored in the Apogee public graph, which is built from official congress.gov and Senate LDA records. A row states a connection in the record, not a position. Node ids are the bioguide id of a member, the committee code, or the graph id of an organization.
| Relationship | From | To | Node ids | Newest record and as of |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPONSORS | Gerald E. Connolly (D-VA) | H.R. 491 | C001078 to 119-hr-491 | Oct 29, 2026 |
| COSPONSORS | Alma S. Adams (D-NC) | H.R. 491 | A000370 to 119-hr-491 | Oct 29, 2026 |
| COSPONSORS | Gabe Amo (D-RI) | H.R. 491 | A000380 to 119-hr-491 | Oct 29, 2026 |
| COSPONSORS | Yassamin Ansari (D-AZ) | H.R. 491 | A000381 to 119-hr-491 | Oct 29, 2026 |
| REFERRED_TO (committee) | H.R. 491 | Oversight and Government Reform Committee (House) | 119-hr-491 to hsgo00 | Oct 29, 2026 |
| NAMED_IN_LOBBYING (disclosure filings) | American Fed Of Government Employees Afl-Cio | H.R. 491 | 97cb0b87-99ab-43c6-9357-d114eabe72eb to 119-hr-491 | newest period 2026 Q3; Oct 29, 2026 |
| NAMED_IN_LOBBYING (disclosure filings) | American Federation Of State County And Municipal Employees | H.R. 491 | 7cf4b48e-b8a0-48ac-9b8b-d130fc30defe to 119-hr-491 | newest period 2025 Q3; Oct 29, 2026 |
| NAMED_IN_LOBBYING (disclosure filings) | American Postal Workers Union Afl-Cio | H.R. 491 | fd2d3c6a-16db-4409-b5fd-cfcb104d038e to 119-hr-491 | newest period 2026 Q3; Oct 29, 2026 |
| NAMED_IN_LOBBYING (disclosure filings) | Federal Managers Association | H.R. 491 | bd015199-0bd2-4e3e-aa1d-d257f6ecdaa6 to 119-hr-491 | newest period 2026 Q3; Oct 29, 2026 |
| NAMED_IN_LOBBYING (disclosure filings) | National Active And Retired Federal Employees Association | H.R. 491 | 59c9af88-4648-4aa0-990c-7397e55e9bda to 119-hr-491 | newest period 2026 Q3; Oct 29, 2026 |
| SPONSORS | Alex Padilla (D-CA) | S. 624 | P000145 to 119-s-624 | Oct 29, 2026 |
| COSPONSORS | Angela D. Alsobrooks (D-MD) | S. 624 | A000382 to 119-s-624 | Oct 29, 2026 |
| COSPONSORS | Tammy Baldwin (D-WI) | S. 624 | B001230 to 119-s-624 | Oct 29, 2026 |
| COSPONSORS | Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) | S. 624 | B001277 to 119-s-624 | Oct 29, 2026 |
| REFERRED_TO (committee) | S. 624 | Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee (Senate) | 119-s-624 to ssga00 | Oct 29, 2026 |
| NAMED_IN_LOBBYING (disclosure filings) | American Fed Of Government Employees Afl-Cio | S. 624 | 97cb0b87-99ab-43c6-9357-d114eabe72eb to 119-s-624 | newest period 2026 Q3; Oct 29, 2026 |
| NAMED_IN_LOBBYING (disclosure filings) | National Active And Retired Federal Employees Association | S. 624 | 59c9af88-4648-4aa0-990c-7397e55e9bda to 119-s-624 | newest period 2026 Q3; Oct 29, 2026 |
| NAMED_IN_LOBBYING (disclosure filings) | National Association Of Letter Carriers | S. 624 | 6de932dd-6190-4699-a45f-57b57801873a to 119-s-624 | newest period 2026 Q3; Oct 29, 2026 |
Source: Apogee public graph (built from congress.gov and Senate LDA).
Records behind each sentence
Each sentence above carries the ids of the records it rests on. An automated audit matched every number, date, name, designation and quotation in it against those records.
- R1 Bill record, H.R. 491, S. 624, as of 2026-10-29 source
- R2 Cosponsors, H.R. 491, S. 624, as of 2026-10-29 source
- R3 Action timeline, H.R. 491, as of 2026-10-29
- R4 Action timeline, S. 624, as of 2026-10-29
- R5 Bill text, H.R. 491, as of 2026-10-29 source
- R6 Lobbying filings on the bill, H.R. 491, S. 624, as of 2026-10-29
- R7 Lobbying filings search, Equal COLA Act, as of 2026-10-29 source
- R8 Lobbying filings search, H.R. 491, as of 2026-10-29 source
- R10 Hearings, H.R. 491, as of 2026-10-29
- R11 CRS search, FERS cost-of-living adjustment CSRS parity Equal COLA Act, as of 2026-10-29
- R12 Hearings, S. 624, as of 2026-10-29
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